PERIODIC TABLE Handwritten Short Notes [PDF] 📚

Periodic Table: A Comprehensive Overview

The periodic table, a cornerstone of chemistry, is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. It provides a visual representation of the relationships between elements and helps us understand their properties and behaviors.

Organization of the Periodic Table

The periodic table is divided into four main blocks:

1. s-block: Located on the left side, it includes alkali metals (Group 1) and alkaline earth metals (Group 2). Elements in this block have their outermost electron in the s orbital.

2. p-block: Occupying the right side, it encompasses elements from Groups 13 to 18. These elements have their outermost electron in the p orbital.

3. d-block: Found in the middle of the table, it consists of transition metals. Elements in this block have their outermost electron in the d orbital.

4. f-block: Usually placed below the main body of the table, it includes lanthanides and actinides. These elements have their outermost electron in the f orbital.

D and F Block - Chemistry Short Handwritten Notes [PDF]📚

Trends in the Periodic Table

Several periodic trends can be observed across the table:

Atomic Radius: Increases down a group and decreases across a period.

Ionization Energy: Decreases down a group and increases across a period.

Electron Affinity: Increases down a group and decreases across a period.

Electronegativity: Decreases down a group and increases across a period.

Metallic Character: Increases down a group and decreases across a period.

Periodic Properties and Applications

The periodic table is invaluable for understanding the properties of elements and their applications in various fields. For example:

Metals: Good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, and ductile.

Nonmetals: Poor conductors of heat and electricity, brittle, and often gases or solids at room temperature.

Metalloids: Exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Noble Gases: Highly unreactive due to their full outer electron shells.

P-Block Elements 1 - Chemistry Short Handwritten Notes [PDF]📚

FAQs

What is the difference between a period and a group in the periodic table?

A period is a horizontal row of elements, while a group is a vertical column of elements.

Why are the lanthanides and actinides placed separately at the bottom of the periodic table?

To maintain the compact structure of the table and avoid disrupting the trends within the other blocks.

How can the periodic table be used to predict the chemical properties of elements?

By understanding the trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, and metallic character.