Alcohols
Alcohols are organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group attached to a carbon atom. This carbon atom must be saturated, meaning it is bonded to single bonds only.
General formula: R-OH
Examples: Methanol (CH3OH), Ethanol (C2H5OH), Isopropanol (rubbing alcohol)
Properties:
- Polar molecules due to the presence of the O-H bond.
- Hydrogen bonding between molecules leads to higher boiling points compared to similar hydrocarbons.
- Can react with acids to form esters.
Ethers
Ethers are organic compounds that contain an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups.
General formula: R-O-R'
Examples: Diethyl ether (C2H5OC2H5), Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
Properties:
- Polar molecules due to the presence of the C-O-C bond.
- No hydrogen bonding, leading to lower boiling points compared to alcohols of similar molecular weight.
- Less reactive than alcohols.
Key Differences Between Alcohols and Ethers
| Feature | Alcohols | Ethers |
|---|---|---|
| Functional group | -OH | -O- |
| Hydrogen bonding | Present | Absent |
| Boiling point | Higher | Lower |
| Reactivity | More reactive | Less reactive |
Applications:
- Alcohols: Used as solvents, fuels, and in the production of various chemicals.
- Ethers: Used as solvents, anesthetics, and in the production of gasoline additives.
