For students and professionals planning to study abroad, two of the most recognized exams are the GRE (Graduate Record Examination) and TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language). These standardized tests assess candidates' readiness for higher education in English-speaking countries.
Many universities worldwide require GRE for master's and PhD programs, while TOEFL is a mandatory English proficiency test for non-native speakers. Understanding their differences, formats, scoring systems, and preparation strategies can help aspirants achieve their desired scores and secure admissions to top universities.
This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know about GRE and TOEFL in 2025, including exam structures, fees, preparation strategies, and frequently asked questions.
What is the GRE?
The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is a standardized test used for admissions into master’s and doctoral programs in universities across the USA, Canada, UK, Australia, and other countries. It evaluates a candidate’s verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and analytical writing skills.
GRE Exam Structure
The GRE test consists of three main sections:
- Analytical Writing (Essay-based section)
- Verbal Reasoning (Tests reading comprehension and vocabulary)
- Quantitative Reasoning (Math and problem-solving skills)
Each section is designed to assess a student's ability to handle graduate-level coursework.
What is the TOEFL?
The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) measures a non-native speaker’s ability to understand and use English in an academic setting. It is widely accepted by universities in the USA, Canada, Europe, and Australia.
TOEFL Exam Structure
The TOEFL test has four sections:
- Reading – Tests comprehension of academic passages.
- Listening – Assesses understanding of lectures and conversations.
- Speaking – Measures spoken English fluency.
- Writing – Evaluates essay-writing and argument presentation skills.
The TOEFL score is often required alongside the GRE for international students applying to graduate programs.
Key Differences Between GRE and TOEFL
| Factor | GRE | TOEFL |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Graduate school admissions (MS, MBA, PhD) | English proficiency for international students |
| Sections | Analytical Writing, Verbal, Quantitative | Reading, Listening, Speaking, Writing |
| Test Duration | 2 hours | 2 hours |
| Score Range | 260-340 (Verbal & Quantitative: 130-170 each) | 0-120 (30 points per section) |
| Validity | 5 years | 2 years |
| Who Needs It? | Students applying for master's/PhD programs | Students applying for English-taught programs |
While the GRE evaluates critical thinking and problem-solving, the TOEFL measures English language skills required for university coursework.
GRE and TOEFL Exam Fees in 2025
The cost of taking the GRE and TOEFL varies by country. Below is the approximate exam fee breakdown:
| Exam | USA | India | Canada | UK | Australia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GRE Fee | $220 | ₹22,550 | CAD 300 | £180 | AUD 320 |
| TOEFL Fee | $205 | ₹16,900 | CAD 275 | £170 | AUD 305 |
| Rescheduling | $50 | ₹4,000 | CAD 60 | £40 | AUD 70 |
| Score Reports | $30 per recipient | ₹2,500 per recipient | CAD 40 per recipient | £25 per recipient | AUD 50 per recipient |
Fees are subject to change based on ETS policies and currency fluctuations.
Best Preparation Strategies for GRE and TOEFL
GRE Preparation Tips
1. Master Analytical Writing
- Practice issue and argument essays regularly.
- Use structured templates to enhance clarity.
- Review sample essays with high scores.
2. Improve Verbal Reasoning
- Learn high-frequency GRE vocabulary words.
- Read academic articles and complex texts.
- Practice reading comprehension and critical reasoning questions.
3. Strengthen Quantitative Reasoning
- Revise arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and data analysis.
- Solve GRE-style quantitative comparison problems.
- Take timed practice tests to improve speed.
TOEFL Preparation Tips
1. Enhance Reading Skills
- Read university-level academic texts daily.
- Practice skimming and scanning for key details.
- Answer TOEFL-style reading comprehension questions.
2. Develop Listening Skills
- Listen to podcasts, lectures, and university talks.
- Take notes while listening to improve retention.
- Identify main ideas, opinions, and supporting details.
3. Improve Speaking Skills
- Practice structured responses to common TOEFL prompts.
- Record and analyze spoken answers for fluency and accuracy.
- Use transition words to organize speech clearly.
4. Strengthen Writing Skills
- Write structured essays with clear arguments.
- Use examples and logical reasoning to support points.
- Review grammar and sentence structures.
Top Universities Requiring GRE and TOEFL
USA
- Harvard University
- Stanford University
- MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
- University of California, Berkeley
- University of Chicago
Canada
- University of Toronto
- McGill University
- University of British Columbia
- University of Alberta
UK
- University of Oxford
- University of Cambridge
- Imperial College London
- London School of Economics
Australia
- University of Melbourne
- Australian National University
- University of Sydney
These universities have specific minimum score requirements for GRE and TOEFL. Check each institution’s official website before applying.
FAQs About GRE and TOEFL
1. Do I need both GRE and TOEFL for studying abroad?
Many universities require both GRE and TOEFL for non-native English speakers. However, some universities waive TOEFL if you studied in an English-speaking country.
2. What is a good GRE and TOEFL score for top universities?
For top universities:
- GRE: 320+ (165+ in Quantitative for STEM programs)
- TOEFL: 100+ (with at least 25 in each section)
3. Can I retake the GRE or TOEFL if I get a low score?
Yes, you can retake both exams after a waiting period:
- GRE: Once every 21 days, up to 5 times per year.
- TOEFL: Once every 3 days, with no yearly limit.
4. Which is harder: GRE or TOEFL?
- GRE is harder for quantitative and verbal reasoning.
- TOEFL is easier but requires strong English language skills.
5. Do all universities require GRE?
No, some universities have waived the GRE requirement due to pandemic-related changes. Always check the latest admission policies.
6. What happens if I miss my GRE or TOEFL test?
You forfeit the fee unless rescheduled in advance. Emergency rescheduling requires supporting documents.
Final Thoughts
The GRE and TOEFL are critical exams for students applying for graduate programs abroad. While the GRE tests analytical, verbal, and quantitative skills, the TOEFL assesses English language proficiency.
With proper preparation, strategic study plans, and regular practice, students can achieve their desired scores and secure admissions to top universities worldwide.
For the latest updates on GRE, TOEFL preparation, and study abroad opportunities, visit VHTC Study Resources.
