List of High Courts in India - India has a well-established judicial system that operates at various levels to ensure justice and maintain law and order. The High Courts serve as the highest judicial authority in a state or union territory and play a pivotal role in upholding constitutional rights. This article provides a comprehensive overview of High Courts in India, their year of establishment, and their locations.
Introduction to High Courts in India
High Courts form the backbone of the Indian judiciary. Established under the Indian Constitution, these courts hold the authority to interpret the law, resolve disputes, and ensure justice. There are 25 High Courts in India, each serving one or more states or union territories.
The oldest High Court in India is the Calcutta (Kolkata) High Court, established in 1862, while the newest one is the Andhra Pradesh High Court, which began functioning in 2019.
Significance of High Courts
The High Courts play an integral role in:
- Resolving legal disputes at the state level.
- Acting as the appellate authority for subordinate courts.
- Enforcing fundamental rights guaranteed under the Indian Constitution.
- Providing judicial review over administrative and legislative actions.
Detailed List of High Courts in India
Below is a detailed list of High Courts in India, along with their establishment years and locations:
| S. No. | High Court | Year of Establishment | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Calcutta High Court | 1862 | Kolkata |
| 2 | Bombay High Court | 1862 | Mumbai |
| 3 | Madras High Court | 1862 | Chennai |
| 4 | Allahabad High Court | 1866 | Prayagraj (Allahabad) |
| 5 | Delhi High Court | 1966 | New Delhi |
| 6 | Gujarat High Court | 1960 | Ahmedabad |
| 7 | Patna High Court | 1916 | Patna |
| 8 | Rajasthan High Court | 1949 | Jodhpur |
| 9 | Odisha High Court | 1948 | Cuttack |
| 10 | Punjab and Haryana High Court | 1947 | Chandigarh |
| 11 | Madhya Pradesh High Court | 1936 | Jabalpur |
| 12 | Karnataka High Court | 1884 | Bengaluru |
| 13 | Jammu and Kashmir High Court | 1943 | Srinagar/Jammu |
| 14 | Himachal Pradesh High Court | 1971 | Shimla |
| 15 | Uttarakhand High Court | 2000 | Nainital |
| 16 | Jharkhand High Court | 2000 | Ranchi |
| 17 | Chhattisgarh High Court | 2000 | Bilaspur |
| 18 | Tripura High Court | 2013 | Agartala |
| 19 | Meghalaya High Court | 2013 | Shillong |
| 20 | Manipur High Court | 2013 | Imphal |
| 21 | Andhra Pradesh High Court | 2019 | Amaravati |
| 22 | Sikkim High Court | 1975 | Gangtok |
Highlights of Select High Courts
Calcutta High Court
- Year of Establishment: 1862
- Significance: The first High Court to be established in India. It holds historical importance and has jurisdiction over West Bengal and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Bombay High Court
- Year of Establishment: 1862
- Significance: Serves Maharashtra, Goa, Daman & Diu, and Dadra & Nagar Haveli. Known for its architectural grandeur and robust judicial processes.
Delhi High Court
- Year of Establishment: 1966
- Significance: Handles cases related to the national capital and is known for its extensive caseload involving constitutional matters.
Karnataka High Court
- Year of Establishment: 1884
- Significance: Known for its innovative judicial reforms and efficiency in handling cases.
Andhra Pradesh High Court
- Year of Establishment: 2019
- Significance: The newest High Court established after the bifurcation of Telangana from Andhra Pradesh.
