Hydrogen - Chemistry Short Handwritten Notes [PDF]📚

Hydrogen, the first element on the periodic table, is unique and fascinating due to its unusual properties. Here are some key points to remember:

Hydrogen - Basics

➭ Symbol: H

➭ Atomic number: 1

➭ Position: Top left of the periodic table (not quite fitting in with a group)

➭ Isotopes: Protium (H-1, most abundant), Deuterium (D or H-2), Tritium (T or H-3, radioactive)

➭ Most abundant element in the universe (mostly as diatomic hydrogen, H₂)

Hydrogen - Physical properties

➭ Colourless, odourless, tasteless gas

➭ Lowest density of all elements

➭ Highly flammable

➭ Poorly soluble in water

Hydrogen - Chemical properties

➭ Highly reactive

➭ Can form covalent bonds with most elements

➭ Can act as a reducing agent (gains electrons)

➭ Forms ionic compounds with metals and some non-metals

Hydrogen - Important compounds

➭ Water (H₂O): Essential for life, a polar molecule with unique properties due to hydrogen bonding.

➭ Hydrocarbons: Organic compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon, the basis of most fuels and many other materials.

➭ Hydrogen halides (HX): Acids formed by the reaction of hydrogen with halogens (e.g., HCl, HF).

➭ Ammonia (NH₃): Important industrial chemical and agricultural fertilizer.

Hydrogen - Applications

➭ Fuel: Can be burned cleanly to produce energy, potential future fuel source.

➭ Fuel cells: Efficiently converts hydrogen and oxygen into electricity.

➭ Hydrogenation: Used in food processing and other industrial applications.

➭ Rocket fuel: Used in some high-performance rockets.

Hydrogen - Important reactions

➭ Combustion with oxygen: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O (releases significant energy)

➭ Reaction with halogens: H₂ + X₂ → 2HX (X = F, Cl, Br, I)

➭ Haber-Bosch process: N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃ (production of ammonia)

Hydrogen - Additional notes

➭ Hydrogen is unique due to its small size and single electron.

➭ It has a complex position in the periodic table, exhibiting properties of both metals and non-metals.

➭ Hydrogen research is ongoing, with potential applications in various fields like energy storage and clean transportation.

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