Some Basic Concept of Chemistry Short Handwritten Notes [PDF] 📚

Chemistry is the fascinating study of matter, its properties, and the changes it undergoes. It's the science that underpins everything from the food we eat to the medicines we take to the materials that make up our world. Here's a brief overview of some fundamental concepts in chemistry:

1. Matter and its States

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. It exists in three main states:

➡️Solid: Definite shape and volume (e.g., ice)

➡️Liquid: Definite volume but takes the shape of its container (e.g., water)

➡️Gas: No definite shape or volume, fills its container completely (e.g., air)

2. Elements and Compounds

➭Elements are pure substances made up of only one type of atom (e.g., gold, oxygen). There are 118 known elements in the periodic table.

➭Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine chemically in fixed proportions (e.g., water, carbon dioxide).

3. Atoms and Molecules

➭Atoms are the tiny building blocks of matter. They are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

➭Molecules are formed when two or more atoms share electrons. The smallest unit of a compound is a molecule.

4. Physical and Chemical Changes

➭Physical changes involve a change in the physical state or appearance of matter but not its chemical composition (e.g., ice melting into water).

➭Chemical changes involve a change in the chemical composition of matter, forming new substances with different properties (e.g., burning wood).

5. Chemical Reactions

1. Chemical reactions are processes in which reactants are transformed into products. They are represented by chemical equations.

2. Different types of chemical reactions include:

➭Combination reactions: Two or more reactants combine to form a single product.

➭Decomposition reactions: A single reactant breaks down into two or more products.

➭Single displacement reactions: An atom in one compound is replaced by an atom from another compound.

Double displacement reactions: Two atoms exchange places between two compounds.

6. Measurement in Chemistry

➡️Scientific measurements are essential in chemistry. The International System of Units (SI) is used, with basic units like meter (m) for length, kilogram (kg) for mass, and second (s) for time.

➡️Derived units are formed by combining basic units (e.g., m³/s for flow rate).

7. Important Laws in Chemistry

➭Law of conservation of mass: In a closed system, the total mass of matter remains constant before, during, and after a chemical reaction.

➭Law of definite proportions: A compound always contains the same elements in the same fixed proportions by mass.

➭Law of multiple proportions: When two elements combine in different proportions to form two or more compounds, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in simple whole-number ratios.

Chemistry Short Notes 📚⌛

1. P-Block Elements 1 - Chemistry Short Notes 📚
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6. Thermodynamics — Chemistry Short Notes 📚
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