Fundamental and Important Formulas in Physics

Physics Formulas - The world of physics is governed by numerous formulas that describe the relationships between various physical quantities. These formulas are essential tools for understanding and predicting the behavior of matter and energy. Here are some of the most fundamental and important formulas in physics:

Physics Formulas - Mechanics

Newton's laws of motion:

First law: An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Second law: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. ΣF = ma

Third law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Physics Formulas - Kinematics

Displacement: The change in position of an object. Δx = x_f - x_i

Velocity: The rate of change of displacement. v = Δx / Δt

Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity. a = Δv / Δt

Physics Formulas - Energy

Kinetic energy: The energy of an object due to its motion. KE = ½ mv²

Potential energy: The energy of an object due to its position or configuration. PE = mgh (gravitational potential energy)

Physics Formulas - Electromagnetism

Coulomb's law: The force between two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. F = k * q₁q₂ / r² 

Electric field: The force per unit charge exerted on a charged particle at a given point in space. E = F / q

Magnetic field: A vector field that describes the magnetic force exerted on a moving charged particle.

Physics Formulas - Optics

Reflection: The bouncing back of light from a surface.

Refraction: The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.

Wave equation: Describes the propagation of waves through space and time.

Physics Formulas - Thermodynamics

First law of thermodynamics: The total energy of an isolated system is constant. ΔE = ΔQ + ΔW

Second law of thermodynamics: Entropy always increases in a closed system.

Physics Formulas - Quantum mechanics

Schrödinger's equation: Describes the behavior of quantum systems.

Heisenberg uncertainty principle: It is impossible to know both the position and momentum of a particle with perfect accuracy.