Periodic Table - Chemistry Short Handwritten Notes [PDF]📚

The periodic table is one of the most important tools in chemistry. It's a chart that organizes all the known chemical elements in a way that reveals their relationships and properties.

Here are the key things to know about the periodic table for your chemistry short notes:

Periodic Table - Organization

➡️ Elements are arranged in rows (periods) and columns (groups).

➡️ Elements are ordered by atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

➡️ Horizontal rows are called periods. There are 7 periods in the current periodic table.

➡️ Vertical columns are called groups. There are 18 groups in the periodic table.

Periodic Table - Key Concept

➡️ Atomic number: The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, determining its identity as an element and its place in the table.

➡️ Electron configuration: The arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals, influencing its chemical behavior.

➡️ Periodic trends: Properties like atomic size, ionization energy, electronegativity, and metallic character exhibit predictable patterns across the table.

Periodic Table - Groups

1. Group members share similar properties due to having the same number of valence electrons (outermost electrons involved in bonding).

2. Some important groups include:

 

➭Group 1 (Alkali metals): highly reactive metals, readily forming ionic bonds.

➭ Group 17 (Halogens): non-metals forming diatomic molecules and ionic bonds.

➭Group 18 (Noble gases): unreactive monatomic gases with filled valence orbitals.

Periodic Table - Periods

1. As you move left to right across a period, atomic number and effective nuclear charge increase, leading to:

➭Decreasing atomic size.

➭Increasing ionization energy.

➭Increasing electronegativity.

➭Transition from metals to non-metals.

2. Moving down a group, atomic size and metallic character generally increase.

Periodic Table - Trends

➭As you move down a group, the elements become more metallic. This means they are more likely to lose electrons and form positive ions.

➭As you move across a period, the elements become more nonmetallic. This means they are more likely to gain electrons and form negative ions.

➭Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.

Periodic Table - Regions

➭Metals: Located on the left side of the table and most of the center. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity.

➭Nonmetals: Located on the right side of the table. They are brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity, and tend to gain electrons in chemical reactions.

➭Metalloids: Located along the "staircase" line between metals and nonmetals. They have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

➭Noble gases: Located in the far right column. They are unreactive gases because their outer electron shells are full.

Chemistry Short Notes 📚⌛

1. Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Short Notes 📚
2. Atomic Structure — Chemistry Short Notes 📚
3. P-Block Elements 1 - Chemistry Short Notes 📚
4. Chemical Bonding — Chemistry Short Notes 📚
5. States of matter — Chemistry Short Notes 📚
6. Thermodynamics — Chemistry Short Notes 📚
7. Chemical Equilibrium — Chemistry Short Notes 📚
8. Ionic Equilibrium — Chemistry Short Notes 📚
9. Redox Reaction — Chemistry Short Notes 📚
10. Hydrogen — Chemistry Short Notes 📚
11. S-Block Elements - Chemistry Short Notes 📚